Sepsis Moves Fast

Sepsis Moves Fast

A New Test Moves Faster

Imagine waking up with what feels like the flu, and within hours, your body is shutting down. That’s sepsis. It kills more Americans every year than breast cancer, prostate cancer, and stroke combined. And it can happen to anyone, at any age.

What if a single blood test could tell your doctors — within 30 minutes — whether you’re on the brink of life-threatening organ failure or can safely go home? That test now exists. It’s called TriVerity™, and Stanford physicians are at the forefront in using it to save lives, spare unnecessary hospital stays, and treat patients faster and with greater precision than ever before.

Changing the Rules in the ER

In January 2025, the FDA cleared TriVerity for hospital use. Unlike traditional tests that can take hours or days, TriVerity measures a patient’s immune response directly from whole blood and produces three key scores:

  1. Bacterial infection likelihood
  2. Viral infection likelihood
  3. Illness Severity Score

Khatri leads conversations that connect data science, clinical care, and real-world impact in infectious disease research.

While infection scores help clinicians quickly identify the presence and type of infection, the Illness Severity Score estimates a patient’s risk of needing intensive care within seven days, as well as likelihood of organ failure, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or death. In practice, it’s a fast, objective read on trajectory: Is this person getting worse or likely to remain stable?

For one recent patient who triggered a sepsis alert, TriVerity’s results showed they were not on a dangerous trajectory. Instead of an unnecessary hospital stay, they went home safely, saving cost, avoiding risk, and preserving hospital resources.

“This is exactly the kind of clinical decision point TriVerity is meant to clarify,” says Purvesh Khatri, PhD, professor of medicine at Stanford and co-creator of the test. “It’s not about replacing clinical judgment, but adding a layer of precision that helps physicians act with more certainty.”

“Having rapid diagnostic and prognostic data can drive earlier action… and that means more lives saved.” – Purvesh Khatri, PhD

The Stanford-Led Research Behind It

To develop the test, Khatri’s team analyzed more than 12,000 publicly available blood samples, identifying a unique immune dysregulation signature — a pattern that signals when the body’s inflammatory response is tipping from protective to harmful.

To make sure this signal was real and reliable, the team tested it against data from the Framingham Heart Study, a famous decades-long project that has tracked the health of thousands of people and shaped much of what we know about heart disease. Even when classic risks like smoking, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure were factored in, this immune signal still accurately predicted which people were more likely to die early.

That same immune warning now powers TriVerity’s Illness Severity Score. For emergency room (ER) doctors, it means a quick, objective check on whether a patient is in real danger or stable enough to safely go home — information that can save a life.

At Stanford, Purvesh Khatri, PhD, collaborates with colleagues to translate complex data into tools like TriVerity, now reshaping how clinicians manage sepsis.

Why It Matters for Everyone

For decades, more than 100 clinical trials have failed to uncover a one-size-fits-all treatment for sepsis. That’s because every patient’s immune system reacts differently. TriVerity helps tailor care by showing when aggressive treatment is truly needed and when it could actually cause more harm.

It also has the potential to:

  • Guide enrollment in targeted clinical trials to test efficacy of different drugs
  • Reduce unnecessary antibiotic use
  • Prevent ICU overcrowding during public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic

Looking Ahead

Khatri envisions a future where immune-signature precision diagnostics move beyond the hospital, empowering earlier recognition and intervention for serious infections. “Having rapid diagnostic and prognostic data can drive earlier action,” he says, “and that means more lives saved.”

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How to Endure in a Pandemic? Magic!

While the darkest days of the COVID-19 pandemic were challenging for most people, the experience of Jonathan Chen, MD, PhD, was particularly trying. As he documented in a poignant thread on X (then Twitter), Chen, assistant professor of medicine, had to manage a two-career household with two kids who were largely homeschooled during the pandemic. During that time, his mother developed COVID, which required Chen to commute between Northern and Southern California frequently for several months as her condition deteriorated, other medical problems set in, and she ultimately died.

“It’s no exaggeration to objectively say that 2021 was the worst year of my life,” Chen admits.

In addition to his personal trials, he had a full work schedule to maintain.  

He provided clinical care as a hospitalist on the front lines treating COVID patients amid surging hospital volumes, while also leading a clinical informatics research lab as a member of the Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, the division of hospital medicine, and the Clinical Excellence Research Center.

Besides friends, family, and purposeful work, curiously a blend of magic and music offered him the creative outlet to pull through.

Simple magic tricks that Chen had dabbled in as a kid grew into a serious hobby during the height of the pandemic. Perhaps focusing on magic as a means of engaging and delighting others kept Chen sane while so much of life was anything but routine.  

As he toiled away writing grant proposals, Chen found it therapeutic to rekindle his skills at the piano, which he hadn’t played much since his youth. Slow but steady progress with both hobbies gave him much-needed satisfaction.

When the Stanford School of Medicine’s Medicine & the Muse program started a Stuck@Home concert series over Zoom, Chen chose to play piano for two of those concerts. But, acknowledging that there were many more talented musicians in the School of Medicine than himself, he focused on honing his magic skills and “actually got pretty good at it,” he says.

He has since performed magic for multiple Stuck@Home concerts. He also gave a magic display to open a big show at the Bing Auditorium on the Stanford campus later during the pandemic.

I wanted to show how presentation techniques can make the ordinary seem extraordinary.

— Jonathan Chen, MD, PhD, assistant professor of biomedical informatics

His burgeoning reputation as a magician led to invitations to perform at student recruitment and other events, including the 2021 Stanford School of Medicine MD Program Teaching Awards program (a portion of which can be seen here).

“Early on, I was doing close-up magic because it was just me and another person, but I began attracting larger crowds while performing for students at conferences — until I found myself facing a wall of over 30 pairs of eyes staring at me,” Chen says. “Because a little card trick doesn’t play that well to a larger audience, I’ve expanded my skills and interests to present ‘parlor magic,’ where I entertain with props that everyone can see, such as a newspaper, a rope, large rings, and Rubik’s Cubes.

His enthusiasm as a performer extended to an April 2023 research colloquium that he led for his biomedical informatics research division. In Delivering Compelling Talks: Why, What, and How? he used magic to demonstrate how to manage people’s attention. “I wanted to show how presentation techniques can make the ordinary seem extraordinary,” he says.

For his exceptional abilities, the magician, musician, and bioinformatician was recently recognized with a Department Teaching Award and a competition award from IBM — not the multinational technology corporation, but the International Brotherhood of Magicians!

With the extraordinary challenges of 2021 behind him, Chen continues to balance clinical practice and research. He contributed to a Stanford-Lancet commission on opioids and published multiple perspective commentaries in the Journal of the American Medical Association on the present and future use of computers in medicine. He received funding from the National Institute of Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network to lead a study on opioid treatment retention and is augmenting human assessments of diagnostic utility of next-generation sequencing tests with support from the Stanford University Institute for Human-Centered AI and the Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine & Imaging.

In July 2023, after several years of grinding, Chen was thrilled and relieved to be notified of his first National Institutes of Health Research Project R01 grant. He will receive $3.8 million from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to lead a multisite study to measure, predict, and recommend appropriate antibiotics in the face of increasing worldwide antibiotic resistance.

As Mark Musen, MD, PhD, chief of the Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, says, “Jonathan’s commitment to advancing medical knowledge alongside his creative endeavors paints a picture of a well-rounded individual who is an inspiration for others in our department to find their own paths to renewal.

While the darkest days of the COVID-19 pandemic were challenging for most people, the experience of Jonathan Chen, MD, PhD, was particularly trying. As he documented in a poignant thread on X (then Twitter), Chen, assistant professor of medicine, had to manage a two-career household with two kids who were largely homeschooled during the pandemic. During that time, his mother developed COVID, which required Chen to commute between Northern and Southern California frequently for several months as her condition deteriorated, other medical problems set in, and she ultimately died.

“It’s no exaggeration to objectively say that 2021 was the worst year of my life,” Chen admits.

In addition to his personal trials, he had a full work schedule to maintain. He provided clinical care as a hospitalist on the front lines treating COVID patients amid surging hospital volumes, while also leading a clinical informatics research lab as a member of the Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, the division of hospital medicine, and the Clinical Excellence Research Center.

Besides friends, family, and purposeful work, curiously a blend of magic and music offered him the creative outlet to pull through.

Simple magic tricks that Chen had dabbled in as a kid grew into a serious hobby during the height of the pandemic. Perhaps focusing on magic as a means of engaging and delighting others kept Chen sane while so much of life was anything but routine. As he toiled away writing grant proposals, Chen found it therapeutic to rekindle his skills at the piano, which he hadn’t played much since his youth. Slow but steady progress with both hobbies gave him much-needed satisfaction.

When the Stanford School of Medicine’s Medicine & the Muse program started a Stuck@Home concert series over Zoom, Chen chose to play piano for two of those concerts. But, acknowledging that there were many more talented musicians in the School of Medicine than himself, he focused on honing his magic skills and “actually got pretty good at it,” he says.

He has since performed magic for multiple Stuck@Home concerts. He also gave a magic display to open a big show at the Bing Auditorium on the Stanford campus later during the pandemic.

His burgeoning reputation as a magician led to invitations to perform at student recruitment and other events, including the 2021 Stanford School of Medicine MD Program Teaching Awards program (a portion of which can be seen here).

I wanted to show how presentation techniques can make the ordinary seem extraordinary.

— Jonathan Chen, MD, PhD, assistant professor of biomedical informatics

“Early on, I was doing close-up magic because it was just me and another person, but I began attracting larger crowds while performing for students at conferences — until I found myself facing a wall of over 30 pairs of eyes staring at me,” Chen says. “Because a little card trick doesn’t play that well to a larger audience, I’ve expanded my skills and interests to present ‘parlor magic,’ where I entertain with props that everyone can see, such as a newspaper, a rope, large rings, and Rubik’s Cubes.

His enthusiasm as a performer extended to an April 2023 research colloquium that he led for his biomedical informatics research division. In Delivering Compelling Talks: Why, What, and How? he used magic to demonstrate how to manage people’s attention. “I wanted to show how presentation techniques can make the ordinary seem extraordinary,” he says.

For his exceptional abilities, the magician, musician, and bioinformatician was recently recognized with a Department Teaching Award and a competition award from IBM — not the multinational technology corporation, but the International Brotherhood of Magicians!

With the extraordinary challenges of 2021 behind him, Chen continues to balance clinical practice and research. He contributed to a Stanford-Lancet commission on opioids and published multiple perspective commentaries in the Journal of the American Medical Association on the present and future use of computers in medicine. He received funding from the National Institute of Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network to lead a study on opioid treatment retention and is augmenting human assessments of diagnostic utility of next-generation sequencing tests with support from the Stanford University Institute for Human-Centered AI and the Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine & Imaging.

In July 2023, after several years of grinding, Chen was thrilled and relieved to be notified of his first National Institutes of Health Research Project R01 grant. He will receive $3.8 million from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to lead a multisite study to measure, predict, and recommend appropriate antibiotics in the face of increasing worldwide antibiotic resistance.

As Mark Musen, MD, PhD, chief of the Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, says, “Jonathan’s commitment to advancing medical knowledge alongside his creative endeavors paints a picture of a well-rounded individual who is an inspiration for others in our department to find their own paths to renewal.